Safety in human trials

Published reviews and trials that report adverse events and tolerability in people, for carnosine, beta-alanine and zinc-L-carnosine.

This page lists published studies. It reports what the authors did and found, with the limits of each study. It is not advice.

7 studies listed, newest first.

• Dietary Carnosine Supplementation in Healthy Human Volunteers: A Safety, Tolerability, Plasma and Brain Concentration Study
  Ali AN et al. · Nutrients · 2025
  Open-label, no control groupHumans
• Evaluation of supplementary carnosine accumulation and distribution: an initial analysis of participants in the Nucleophilic Defense Against PM Toxicity (NEAT) clinical trial
  Baba SP et al. · Amino Acids · 2024
  Randomised controlled trialHumans
• Unveiling the hidden therapeutic potential of carnosine, a molecule with a multimodal mechanism of action: a position paper
  Caruso G · Molecules · 2022
  ReviewOther animalsHumans
• A Systematic Risk Assessment and Meta-Analysis on the Use of Oral beta-Alanine Supplementation
  Dolan E et al. · Advances in Nutrition · 2019
  Meta-analysisHumansWith beta-alanine (carnosine precursor)
• The absorption of orally supplied beta-alanine and its effect on muscle carnosine synthesis in human vastus lateralis
  Harris RC et al. · Amino Acids · 2006
  Controlled trialHumansWith beta-alanine (carnosine precursor)
• Applicability of zinc complex of L-carnosine for medical use
  Matsukura T et al. · Biochemistry (Moscow) · 2000
  ReviewHumansWith zinc (as polaprezinc)
• Serum carnosinase deficiency: a non-disabling phenotype?
  Cohen M et al. · Journal of Mental Deficiency Research · 1985
  Case seriesHumans