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Much carnosine research did not give carnosine itself. Sports studies give beta-alanine, the precursor, and measure the carnosine the muscle makes. Gut studies give zinc-L-carnosine (polaprezinc), a zinc complex. This page lists those studies and other pairings, grouped by the partner.

A study of a combination tests the combination. A zinc-L-carnosine result cannot be assigned to carnosine alone, or to zinc alone, unless the study included separate groups for each. A beta-alanine study tests what the body makes from beta-alanine, not a carnosine dose.

71 studies listed.

With ACE inhibitor (both groups

With alpha-lipoic acid (in two of three treatment groups)

With anserine (2:1 anserine to carnosine

With anserine (3:1 anserine to carnosine formula)

With anserine (as chicken breast extract)

With anserine (carnosine analogue

With anserine (carnosine to anserine ratio 1:3)

With anserine (chicken breast extract containing carnosine

With antipsychotic medication (background therapy)

With beta-alanine (carnosine precursor)

With beta-alanine (carnosine precursor) in separate arms

With beta-alanine (carnosine precursor) included alongside carnosine

With beta-alanine (carnosine precursor) with L-histidine

With beta-alanine (carnosine precursor) with L-histidine (one chapter); other chapters are observational

With beta-alanine (carnosine precursor) with resistance training

With carnosine-magnesium sulphate complex compared with free carnosine

With chicken breast extract (carnosine

With citalopram (both groups

With dietary histidine (carnosine precursor)

With histidine (carnosine precursor)

With histidine (tested in parallel arms)

With histidine tested in separate arms

With histidine-containing dipeptides (carnosine

With histidine-supplemented diet (used in vivo to raise muscle carnosine)

With L-carnitine in some arms (carnosine-alone arm also included)

With L-DOPA based standard therapy (both groups)

With LactiGo gel (carnosine-magnesium complex) applied over a warm-up cream

With N-acetylcarnosine (carnosine prodrug)

With N-acetylcarnosine (carnosine prodrug) 1% eye drops

With N-acetylcarnosine (carnosine prodrug) eye drops

With N-acetylcarnosine (carnosine prodrug) eyedrops

With risperidone (both groups)

With vigabatrin (antiepileptic drug; homocarnosine was the measured outcome)

With vitamin E (in some groups)

With zinc (as a zinc L-carnosine compound)

With zinc (as polaprezinc / zinc-L-carnosine)

With zinc (as polaprezinc / zinc-L-carnosine) added to triple therapy

With zinc (as polaprezinc / zinc-L-carnosine) mouth rinse

With zinc (as polaprezinc / zinc-L-carnosine); bovine colostrum in two arms

With zinc (as polaprezinc)

With zinc (as polaprezinc); ginger extract tested in parallel

With zinc (as zinc carnosine)

With zinc (as zinc-carnosine complex)

With zinc (zinc(II)-carnosine complexes)